After doing a little more research, I found this: "Detroit's Infamous Purple Gang was one of the
most notorious organized crime groups of the 20th century. The gang evolved from a juvenile street gang through their rise to power and
eventual self-destruction. They exemplify the dark side of the
Prohibition-era in Detroit history. Detroit had a gold rush atmosphere and a
thriving black market during the 1920s that attracted gangsters and
unsavory characters from all over the country."
Detroit News July 16, 1999
Article by Paul R. Kavieff:
http://apps.detnews.com/apps/history/index.php?id=183#ixzz2KEgZFLa4
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| Rum running |
"With the advent of Prohibition in Michigan on May 1, 1918, the young
delinquents quickly graduated from nuisance types of street crime to
armed robbery, hijacking, extortion, and other strong arm work. They
became notorious for their high profile manner of operation and their
savagery in dealing with enemies.
The four Bernstein brothers, Abe, Joe, Raymond, and Isadore
(Izzy), soon became the recognized leaders of the mob. The Purple Gang
was never a tightly organized criminal syndicate but a loose
confederation of predominantly Jewish gangsters. By the early twenties,
the Purples had developed an unsavory reputation as hijackers, stealing
liquor loads from older and more established gangs of rumrunners. The
Purple Gang always preferred hijacking to rumrunning and their methods
were brutal. Anyone landing liquor along the Detroit waterfront had to
be armed and prepared to fight to the death as it was common practice
for the Purples to take a load of liquor and shoot whoever was with it.
In the early years, the Purple Gang preyed exclusively on other
underworld operators, insulating them from the police.
The young Purple Gangsters came under the tutelage of two
older and established Detroit mobsters in the early twenties named
Charles Leiter and Henry Shorr. These two men operated a legitimate corn
sugar outlet on Oakland Avenue known as the "Oakland Sugar House."
Leiter and Shorr became the mentors of the Purples using the younger men
for strong arm work, extortion of local businesses, and to muscle in on
the alley brewers to whom they sold bootleg supplies. As a result, the
Oakland Sugar House Gang was born, in reality only an early phase of the
Purple Gang's evolution.
With their numbers swelled by the influx of mobsters from
other cities who came to Detroit to cash in on the golden harvest of
Prohibition, the Purple Gang prospered. The mob soon branched out into
other rackets. During a period of strife in the Detroit area cleaning
industry, the Purple Gang was used as terrorists by corrupt labor
leaders to keep union members in line and to harass non-union
independents. This conflict became known as the Cleaners and Dyers War.
Bombings, thefts, beatings, and murder were all methods employed by the
Purples to enforce union policy. They were paid handsomely for their
services. The labor war ended with the Purple Gang Trial of 1928 in
which all of the Purple Gangster defendants were eventually acquitted.
The gang emerged from the trial unscathed and became the dominant power
in the Detroit underworld. The Purples ruled the Detroit underworld for
approximately five years from 1927 to 1932.
In September 1928, Purple Gang defendants were found not guilty of
extortion in the "cleaners and dyers war." This photo shows the
prosecutors, defense lawyers and defendants during the trial before
Judge Charles Bowles.
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The gang rose to underworld prominence rapidly after a machine
gun massacre at the Milaflores Apartments in March of 1927. Three
imported gunmen suspected of killing a Purple Gang liquor distributor
were butchered in the ambush. Fred "Killer" Burke, famous for his role
in the St. Valentine's Day Massacre in Chicago in 1929, was hired by the
Purples as the machine gunner. Two other notorious Purple Gang gunmen
also participated.
During the late twenties, the Purple Gang reigned supreme
over the Detroit underworld, controlling the city's vice, gambling,
liquor, and drug trade. They also controlled the local wire service
which provided horse racing information to all of the Detroit horse
betting parlors and handbooks. The gang even became the suppliers of
Canadian whiskey to the Capone organization in Chicago. This arrangement
was made after Capone was told by the Detroit underworld to keep his
operation out of the city. Capone thought it more prudent to make the
Purples his liquor agents rather than go to war with the gang.
For several years the Purples enjoyed almost complete
immunity from police interference as witnesses to crimes were terrified
of testifying against any criminal identified as a Purple Gangster.
Jealousies, egos, and inter-gang quarrels would eventually cause the
Purple Gang to self-destruct.
The "Collingwood Manor Massacre" in 1931 took the lives of Hymie
Paul, Isadore Sutker and Joe Lebowitz. This illustration from the old
Detroit Times shows how the bodies were found in the apartment.
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In 1931 an inter-gang dispute ended in the murder of three
Purples by members of their own gang. The three men had violated
underworld code by operating outside the territory allotted to them by
the Purple Gang leadership. Three members of the "Little Jewish Navy," a
group of Purples who owned several boats and participated in rumrunning
as well as hijacking, decided they would break away from the gang and
become an underworld power themselves. The three men, Hymie Paul,
Isadore Sutker aka Joe Sutker, and Joe Lebowitz, were lured to an
apartment on Collingwood Avenue on September 16, 1931. They believed
they were going to a peace conference with Purple Gang leaders. In
reality, they were only going to their deaths. After a brief discussion,
the three unarmed Purples were shot to death by the Purple Gangsters
they had gone to meet. A bookie named Sol Levine, who had transported
the three men to the fatal rendezvous, was arrested soon afterwards and
was quickly frightened into becoming a State's witness. Levine had been
allowed to live because he was a friend of Ray Bernstein. The State had a
live witness to the murders and Levine's testimony was devastating.
Three of the four Purples involved in the incident which became known as
the Collingwood Manor Massacre were quickly arrested. Irving Milberg,
Harry Keywell, and Raymond Bernstein, three high ranking Purples, were
convicted of first degree murder in the Collingwood Manor Massacre and
sent to prison for life.
Although the Purples remained a power in the Detroit
underworld until 1935, long prison sentences and inter-gang sniping
eventually destroyed the gang's manpower. The predecessors of Detroit's
modern day Mafia family simply stepped in and filled the void once the
Purple Gang self-destructed.
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